Category Archives: Strategy

Self-Help for Graduate Students, Part 8: Authentic Happiness

Seligman, Martin E. P. Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment. New York: Free Press, 2002.

Time Investment: 263 pages. Plus questionnaires on the following website: http://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/questionnaires.aspx

You could do the Signature Strengths questionnaire before reading the book for some interesting insight also. When I took the it, I found that one of my strengths is “loving and being loved.” Going back to the book, I expected to read something like: “If you’re good at loving, you should pursue one of the following careers: x,y, or z.” What the author actually said was to incorporate that strength into as many things that you do as possible.

His example involved a janitor he met while visiting his friend in the hospital who was in a coma. The janitor cleaned up the room, and then switched the wall art around–and he was spending a really long time fussing with the art. Finally, the author asks what he’s doing. The janitor says, “Patients do better when they have new stimulus. It’s my job to make sure that they have new and beautiful art.” Basically the author (Martin Seligman) was amazed that this janitor took a menial job and turned it into a calling by retuning his job to be about nurturing (instead of scrubbing toilets).

While I’m not mean to my students, I could instantly see how focusing on caring for them (instead of focusing exclusively on improving their writing) would improve my performance and my happiness with my job. It would also, as the book says, help give my job meaning and purpose.

I also realized that my favorite professors–the ones who made me want to be a professor myself–would score pretty high on the kindness scale. I don’t even always ask my students, “how are you?” when they come to office hours!

Yesterday, instead of sending a brisk & businesslike, “you can’t take advantage of me just because I’m a young woman” e-mail to a student who has missed several classes, I forced myself to sit down next to him and look him in the eye as I showed him the attendance sheet. Instead of wishing he would just drop the class and get out of my hair, I thought about how great it would be if he staying in the class and succeeded in passing it.

I think part of the point Seligman makes is that doing what you’re good at is bound to make you feel happier. And you can find ways to do what you’re good at in almost any situation.

Do the Hardest Things First

Top-Heavy Approach to Work. 

That’s why Joan Bolker says to write first!

Sometimes I find that writing isn’t the thing I dread most.  Occasionally, it’s something else–wedding planning, exercise, or a fellowship application.  Whatever it happens to be, I find that starting with the hardest thing makes me less stressed throughout the day.

Advice from Reginald Shepherd

“My boss at the library  . . . chided me constantly for my posture, my wardrobe, and my general demeanor, but never seemed to notice that I was almost the only competent person in the department. (One’s attitude and deportment have counted for much more than one’s actual work in any job I’ve ever had, including those in academia.)”

–Shepherd, Reginald. “To Make Me Who I Am.”  Poets and Writers, Jan-Feb. 2008.

University politics can be heartbreaking when it comes to being hired/promoted/fired/awarded/passed over.  Consistently behaving in a courteous and professional manner may be the only way to deal with the injustices that come with any job.

To give a positive example, my relationship with my dissertation director began long before I had seriously considered working with him, when I was one of his teaching assistants my first year in graduate school.  He appreciated the fact that I came on time to his lectures, something not all my colleagues did.  I earned his good opinion based on something unrelated to my dissertation, but it surely paved the way for a healthy working relationship.

Self-Help for Graduate Students Part 4: Writing Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day, Part 2

Publishing Info: Bolker, Joan. Writing Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day: A Guide to Starting, Revising, and Finishing Your Doctoral Thesis. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1998.

Time Investment: 150 easy-to-read pages; it’s possible to read it one chapter at a time, as you progress toward your degree.

Some favorite advice from Joan Bolker:

  • “If the writing doesn’t sound good to you while you’re writing it, it’s fine to make a note to yourself about this . . . I often put that commentary right in the midst of my text, using square brackets, or a different color of ink or pencil, so that when I come back to revise, I can recognize and engage quickly with the problem I’ve already noted.”
  • When you write a certain number of pages (3-6) per day: “the faster you do them, the sooner your time is your own; this method of writing rewards learning to write faster, and from what I’ve seen, fast writing produces no worse results than slow writing does.”
  • “Perhaps you can work nonstop for a few days, but no one can sustain that sort of effort over the long haul.” Sustainable work was a revolutionary concept to me—doing an amount of work that is repeatable for five workdays in a row.

Self-Help for Graduate Students Part 2: Summary of “Write a First Draft to Find Your Story”

Publishing Info: Dufresne, John. “Write a First Draft to Find Your Story.” The Writer. September 2007, pages 22-23.

Time Investment: Two pages in a popular (as opposed to scholarly) publication

“You have nothing to prove in the first draft, nothing to defend, everything to imagine.”

According to Dufresne, beginning writers often make the mistake of being too critical while writing the first draft, becoming discouraged if they can’t realize their dream for the finished manuscript right away. First drafts are a place for spontaneity and surprise, and so the writer should not focus on the form or content of the story.

“Do not try to write beyond what the first draft is meant to accomplish: Do not demand or expect a finished manuscript in one draft.”

Defresne suggests free-writing, brainstorming, or free-associating if stuck while writing a first draft. The most important thing is to keep writing through the feelings of confusion: “If you’re having trouble, that means you’re thinking.”

“Trust in the writing process . . . none of it is wasted.”

The Big Picture, or, Why Am I Doing This?

We recently had a great talk in our Dissertation Support Group about why we are working on our dissertation projects.

Here are some examples of uninspired reasons:

  • I want to get a job.
  • I want to graduate.
  • The poems of X are under-appreciated.

The conversation really got going when we realized that we all were writing, in different ways, against snobbery that exists in our culture. Even though our dissertations have different subjects, we all make the point that it’s not just the university-educated folks that have something to contribute. To frame it more positively, you could say that we all want to invite people to look at poems/essays/historical sites that they may not otherwise have known about, that may enrich their understanding of art/nations/education.

I highly recommend having an exploratory conversation about what drives you to work on your project with other people in your field, or to journal about it on your own. You know you’ve found your real reasons when your heartbeat quickens and you pound your fist on the table.

Going to work every day, alone, is hard for all of us sometimes. Sitting at your desk to re-organize a chapter might seem ultimately pretty pointless some mornings, but keeping your real, emotional reasons for working on your project in mind (or better yet, on paper) might keep you in your chair for another day.

8 Resolutions for ’08

  1. Resolve to treat yourself after achieving major dissertation milestones. A weekend trip, a new pair of jeans, or (for the financially struggling) a day in bed will help you keep working toward your goals.
  2. Stop procrastinating on contacting committee members.
  3. Write a list of reasons you want to complete this project. Read it over at the start of every workday.
  4. Resolve to stretch, have a mini-dance party, or take a short walk when you get stiff from desk or lab work. Your mind and body will function better.
  5. Write in a dissertation journal. Writing daily, or even a couple times a week will help keep work anxiety under control.
  6. Resolve not to let your students dominate your life. Tell your students you can only answer e-mail before 6 P.M., for instance, to prevent flurries of late night e-mails the night before a paper is due. Don’t make promises about when you will grade their tests—they may not like to wait for grades, but they can handle it.
  7. Shake up your routine. If you usually check e-mail before writing, try to write first thing in the morning. If you normally work 9-3, try sitting at your desk from 2-6 instead.
  8. Resolve to stop grousing with your fellow graduate students about how much work you have, how behind you are, or how little you’ve gotten done. Force yourself to start with something positive whenever anyone asks about your work. If nothing else, you’ll be able to speak more convincingly about the merits of your work when you go on the job market.

Vacation Strategy

The Future Doctor Hall asked me last night how to plan for working on Christmas break. Great question. I have a few strategies for vacation, indeed:

  1. Block out some “real” vacation days in advance where you will not even try to work. If you’re traveling for a week or less, block out the whole trip.
  2. Think of some more exciting work to do–for example, reading an enticing book that’s not top priority. It can help you feel productive, but also warm you up for bigger vacation goals.
  3. Plan to work less hours per day. I would suggest trying to work 2-3 hours, and then saying, “who-hoo! I’m done!” and enjoying vacation-type activities the rest of the day.

I think working over vacation is much harder if you’ve been in classes–or finished up some big project for the end of the semester. If you are writing your dissertation, you may not notice as huge a transition (or as huge a need for relief) at the end of the semester. But you’d be a very self-punishing future doctor indeed if you didn’t take advantage of a five-week break.

Beginning A Prospectus

The best way that I got started on my prospectus was to follow the guidelines on a handout by Peg Syverson, a professor at UT. The handout listed six parts to a prospectus, which I think could be used in almost any field:

  1. Statement of the Problem
  2. Review of Literature
  3. Methodology
  4. Sources of Data
  5. Outline of Chapters
  6. Implications of the Project

I was taking a couple of classes at the time, so I used to wake up on Friday mornings (when nothing else too urgent was happening) and write one section quickly, to the best of my ability. It would take me a couple of hours. My first draft of the prospectus was 16 pages—so about 2.5 pages per section. Some sections were very short—I just wrote until I ran out of gas. In six weeks, I had a first draft, which I then polished up and showed to my advisers. (That took a few more weeks–in this planning stage, intimidation tends to make one work slow.)

After talking to my advisers, I understood that my “Review of Literature” section was not anything like what it was supposed to be. They also gave substantial critiques of my “Methodology” section. I ended up rewriting almost the entire thing, making substantial content changes in every section. But that first draft really helped me focus on the weak areas of my plan. It also gave me a ton of confidence to have something written.

 

Time Sheets for Graduate Students: Assets and Liabilities

At different times in my graduate school career, I have kept a record of how many hours I’ve worked. The record looks something like this, penciled into a calendar box:

Thursday, October 18
Spanish—1 hour
Typing Notes (on 2 articles)—1 hour
Grading—3 hours

Last week, I was despairing over my inability to work. Then, this week, it occurred to me to count up the total hours I’d logged: 27. I compared it with my total hours two weeks ago: 27.5. What a relief—I didn’t stop working, even though I wasn’t feeling emotionally tough.

My friend The Future Doctor Gale got herself into trouble with time sheets. She made herself sign in and out of her office, and tried to force herself to work eight hours a day. This led to a lot of anxiety and guilt over “missed” work. Her acupuncturist advised her to let herself work a maximum five hours per day instead, and that system is working wonders for her quality of life and productivity level.

I know that a maximum would never work for me—I excel at quitting work early. But I don’t set a minimum either.

No matter how you approach the working week, it’s not good to be too rigid with yourself. In the last three weeks, I’ve worked between 2.5 – 9.5 hours per day. But for me, it’s very reassuring to be able to look back and see that mostly I’ve worked between 4-6 hours per day. Then I can’t make up mean lies about what a lazy good-for-nothing I am.

Note: If you can work 8 hours a day, day after day, week after week, you need to write me and explain your process. Because everything I’ve learned about process in graduate school has proved that 5 is a much more sustainable number